What should I do if my hiccups don’t stop? Is there any way OR How to get rid of hiccups without visiting Doctors or without taking medicine? The answer is Yes.

What did Lincoln do when he was hated someone? When he was particularly angry and hated someone, he would write an abusive letter, but instead of sending it, he would burn it. This method of venting would not hurt anyone.

As the saying goes, "Floods rely on channeling rather than blocking." It is crucial to have a good attitude. When we or our important relatives around us are depressed or encounter minor psychological problems, we must provide timely guidance, otherwise the problem may escalate. There are many methods of psychological counseling, and language is the basic tool of psychological counseling therapy. Learn to chat well with family and friends, reduce, alleviate, and eliminate psychological obstacles, transform personality defects, and become a better man.

A.      Pay attention to several negative manifestations of emotions in daily life

1. Speaking is an art, and it is not advisable to speak with a sharp tongue and a soft heart.

A kind word warms you for three winters, but a bad word hurts you for six months. There are thousands of ways to communicate in the world, and speaking with a knife is the most undesirable way. Emotions are very fragile and should be maintained and managed carefully. The mouth of a knife is like a nail nailed on a board. Even if it is pulled out in the future, there will still be traces that cannot be repaired. A sharp mouth is also a kind of weapon. Seriously speaking, it is a kind of verbal violence. You must consider the feelings of the listener when speaking. Be a person with high emotional intelligence.

2. Try not to make decisions when you are angry.

Don't make promises when you're happy, don't answer when you're sad, don't make decisions when you're angry. Because when people are angry, they will use their own passion to do things that they regret. To put it bluntly, when people are angry, they do nothing without thinking. In short, don't be emotional in anything you do. This is where you need to do things calmly and think twice before acting.

What did Lincoln do? When he was particularly angry and hated someone, he would write an abusive letter, but instead of sending it, he would burn it. This method of venting would not hurt anyone.

3. "Grudges" will affect your forward speed.

Make additions to life and make subtractions to life. Hating others is a great loss to yourself. The opposite of love is not hate, it is indifference. He always smiles and laughs at the ridiculous things in the world. A big belly can tolerate things that are difficult to tolerate in the world. If people are narrow-minded, it will always be difficult to calm their hearts; learn to be generous and forgive others' shortcomings and mistakes. You will not have the explosive power of an atomic bomb, you will still be you. There is nothing to be afraid of, only mutual respect. I am in full bloom and the breeze is blowing. The most important thing is to be yourself.

4. Coaching on emotions, personality, and mentality.

The work is accomplished by hard work but not by play, and the success is achieved by thinking and destroyed by casualness. Absorb the essence and discard the dross. Put yourself in someone else’s shoes, put yourself down, and treat everyone equally. Starting from the trivial matters of the family, you can think about it. Everyone will play different roles in their life. The daughter-in-law will become the mother-in-law, and the son-in-law will become the father-in-law. If you can't do it yourself, don't force others to do it. If others can do it, you can't do it. When things happen to you, tell yourself to learn to be grateful.

5. It’s not that you don’t want to be angry, but why you should be angry.

Understanding the perspective of things is very important! If you have the right angle, you will look at people and things softly. If the angle is wrong, you will have persecution delusions. You will feel that many people are targeting you, and then you will doubt yourself, whether you have done something wrong, and then others are right. And me? Refine your correct outlook on life, have your own principles and bottom lines, and then learn to get along with others. There will be a great enlightenment or a sudden awakening. What is not allowed to be touched by others? Is that kind of handling style reasonable? People are social beings and cannot close themselves in a small space. They must learn to accept it. Look at someone you don't like and think about why you don't like them. What you call his shortcomings are often advantages that you don't have. If you don't like him, it may not be his fault, but it may be the difference in your three views.

6. The psychological harm of anger.

Learn to control your emotions and not be a slave to them. "Emotional chain" can be called "emotional contagion", which means that one person's bad mood will affect the good mood of several people. In management, there is a law called the "kicking cat effect", which describes a typical contagion of bad emotions. The content is about a father who was criticized by his boss at the company. When he got home, he scolded his child who was jumping on the sofa. The child was so angry that he kicked the cat rolling next to him. The cat fled to the street, and a truck happened to be driving by. The driver quickly got out of the way, but the owner on the roadside was hit and injured. This reveals a phenomenon: people’s dissatisfaction and bad mood are generally transmitted along the chain of social relationships composed of hierarchy and strength. Spreading from the tip of the pyramid to the bottom, the weakest element with nowhere to vent becomes the ultimate victim. In fact, this is a contagion of mental illness. This kind of "emotional contagion" requires special attention, and it is even more common in families. The family and everything will be prosperous, and the years will grow calmly; as long as people live long, "there will be bread"; "Smile, ten years will pass, worry, and the head will turn gray" is not a joke, it has its own psychological science. . What I say here is not to advise everyone not to be angry, but to learn to control their emotions. After all, anger cannot solve any problems and things will eventually pass.

7. The physiological harm of anger.

Angry people are prone to heart damage and will also affect the normal operation of the endocrine system, which will affect people's health over time. And having a good mood can not only benefit the body, but also make the body and mind happy, the spirit happy, and healthy and longevity. And it can also spread to others. Research by James Coyne, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, has proven that in just 20 minutes, a person can be infected by someone else's low mood.

8. It’s “saying that there are no poisons”, not “declaring the five poisons”.

Mencius said: "To love others without being close to them is to be benevolent; to treat others without being kind is to be benevolent; to be polite to others is to be contrary to their wisdom; to be courteous to others is to be contrary to their respect - those who fail to do what they want are all seeking others, and if they are upright, the world will return to them." The poem goes : 'Always say your destiny, and ask for more blessings. Be brave enough to face the flaws in your character, face it when you encounter problems, don't run away. Don't be an ostrich, running away is not a good way to solve things. It is better to dissolve enemies than to get knotted, and to untie bells. You must also tie the bell. Write down your hatred and the object of hatred in a notebook, ask yourself if it is worth it, if you can't let it go, and then face it and communicate as if you have completed the task until you completely let go of the psychological baggage. Only when you have nothing to do can you travel lightly, do the next thing without distraction, and live a good life. Time is the best antidote, not a poison that deepens your heart.

9. Everything cannot be too absolute, and we must be good at using dialectical materialism to look at problems.

People can not escape from doing wrong. Life is rich and colorful, and things are complex and changeable. Many things are not absolute and have two sides. Perfect things and complete failures are unrealistic.

When looking at a person, you should explore more of his strengths. You can correct your clothes by using others as a mirror. You can take advantage of others to make up for your own shortcomings. Only by discovering the strengths of others and learning can you make progress for yourself. If you deny the whole person because of individual disgust, Human beings fall into the absolute error. And the current die-hard fans are absolute idols who are flawless, which is not advisable. We must learn to accept that everyone is flawed and unique, and those who love others will always love them. If you implement dialectical thinking for a long time, you will become a person with a calm character. You will not be happy with things or sad with yourself. Naturally, you will not hurt others or do things that you regret.

10. It is better to have fun alone than to have fun together. Making others happy will more easily increase your own happiness index.

There is a lyric that goes like this: Happiness is contagious, please be generous. Laughter, compassion, joy, and optimism are all contagious. Smiling often, positive and optimistic people are like good "conductors", and everyone who comes in contact with them will be positively affected by them. Feeling more optimistic.

11. The beauty of two ears and one mouth.

Be brave enough to accept criticism! ! Of course, listening more does not mean listening to everything, you must also listen well. Listen more and talk less, stay with positive and sunny people, read more books, read the words of philosophers, think often, and listen to the voice deep in your heart. Only by speaking less can one think more. Thinkers have no time to talk nonsense. And if you cherish your thoughts, you will definitely use words carefully when expressing them, and try your best to speak accurately and powerfully.

12. It is important to choose a reference for your life progress chart.

I saw some people who became famous at a young age, such as: Huo Qubing conquered Monan at the age of 17, Alexander the Great conquered Greece at the age of 19, Han Xin was worshiped as a general at the age of 25, Lin Biao became an army commander at the age of 23, Xiang Yu (30 years old), Nalan Xingde ( 30 years old), Cao Chong (13 years old); Not only do you have to be early to become famous, but you also have to do many things early. If you do it later, it will be too late. Even if you wait until you finally get it, your mood will be different.

Now think about it, are there a lot of meaningful things to do? Do you think it is a sin to waste your life in confusion?

13. Stingy and petty.

Stinginess refers to simplicity, which is opposite to the common saying of generosity; stinginess refers to the lack of gentlemanly demeanor, and does not accept other people's suggestions, which means that one cannot become a great person.

Put an end to stinginess and become a person of great ability. The prime minister's stomach can hold a boat. Your own psychology must develop a habit of a strong digestive system and be able to encompass everything. As Wen Tianxiang said, the heaven and earth have righteousness and are endowed with manifolds. Below it is the river and mountains, and above it is the sun and stars. To people, it is said to be vast and overwhelming. This is a great weapon.

14. To be a better man.

Self-cultivation, embracing all rivers, tolerance is great. Maybe you won't be that great in the end, but at least you should be a good person, a positive and sunny person.

B. Some ways to improve your mood

1. In emotional communication, when facing your own negative emotions, the smart way is to "speak out" the emotions rather than "act out".

Several small methods: ① When you are angry, you can choose to leave the scene to keep your mind clear, and then think about it carefully, maybe you will think that it is really not a big deal. ②Be the one who calls timeout first

2. Keep talking to yourself for 10 minutes every day.

Talking to yourself is actually talking to the values ​​​​in your own consciousness. Ask yourself every day whether you have done meaningful things or work, and whether you have wasted time and experience on unnecessary things or people. The ancients cherished every inch of their lives. Thinking of this makes people afraid. Keep yourself busy so that you don't have all kinds of entanglements in your mind.

3. Stay confident. The strong may not necessarily be the winner, but victory sooner or later belongs to those who have confidence. In other words, if you only accept the best, what you get in the end is often the best, as long as you have confidence. A person's ability to do something depends 85% on his attitude and 15% on his intelligence. Therefore, a person's success or failure depends on whether he is confident. If this person has low self-esteem, his low self-esteem will kill his intelligence and consume his energy. will. This is called Dugan's Law.

4. "The importance of writing." ① Take a piece of paper every once in a while and write down your strengths and weaknesses. This will avoid always thinking that conflicts are someone else’s fault and you are the wronged party. List them clearly and concisely on the paper. ②When you encounter something unhappy, write it down. I guess I can calm down by writing this. ③Develop the habit of keeping a diary. After keeping a diary for a long time, I occasionally look back at the original diary. Do you feel like you are growing up day by day as a child?

5. Use people as a mirror and analyze more. Parents are our first teachers. Our thinking patterns and habits are mostly influenced by our parents. If our parents have character shortcomings, we need to work harder to overcome and correct them, instead of blindly learning or ignoring these shortcomings. Parents Inherit and improve the excellent habits and thinking of your parents, and reflect on whether you also have the shortcomings of your parents. There is a saying: If you want to know what you are like in your forties or fifties, just look at your parents! Therefore, becoming a better person is the best way to repay your parents who have worked hard to raise you.

6. Put down the so-called face, because it is the least important thing.

I rather agree with this view: Only when the spiritual world is poor will we worry about face. If you have an extremely rich spiritual world, such as reading a lot of poems and books, sweating a lot, and walking among rivers and lakes, you may not care about the so-called face or what others think of you. As face becomes less and less important, people will live more and more freely. Avoid caring too much about other people's opinions, and avoid being erratic and swaying from side to side.

7. Have more contact with people. Practicing your expression skills and language skills will also make you more interesting, chat with strangers and experience the many ways of living in the world.

8. Get along with the good points in others. Copy a short story: When my younger brother was in kindergarten, he often kept mentioning how cool and funny his best friend Jim was. Later, when everyone went to see him, they discovered that Jim was in a wheelchair. On the way back, everyone asked my brother why he never mentioned the wheelchair. My brother said lightly: "Because it doesn't matter." This short article made me think about it for a long time. Sure enough, the world of children is much purer and simpler than that of adults. Jim is disabled, but that doesn't prevent him from becoming friends with his brother, because his brother appreciates his coolness and humor, and the rest really doesn't matter. In this little brother's conversation, I learned the most important ability in interacting with others: getting along with other people's strengths.

9. Stay away from negative energy friends. If you propose a hundred plans to a person with negative energy, they will deny you a hundred times, which will make your whole being fall into a very low level. keep away.

10. Hercules Effect: Don’t be hard on yourself.

The Hercules Effect originates from an ancient Greek myth. One day, Hercules was walking on the road and saw an ugly bag. He felt disgusted and stepped on the bag. Suddenly, the ugly bag doubled in size. Hercules was very angry and stepped on the bag again, causing the bag to double in size again. In this way, every time Hercules stepped on the bag, the bag doubled in size. Finally, the ugly bag swelled so much that it blocked Hercules' path.

Heracles couldn't do anything about the bag, couldn't pass the road, and felt at a loss. Soon, a saint came to Hercules and said to him: "This bag is called the bag of hatred. If you give it one point of hatred, it will return two points of hatred to you."

Only by ignoring it, not violating it, and staying away from it will it disappear. "Hercules suddenly woke up and immediately stopped hating the hate bag. In the blink of an eye, the hate bag disappeared and the road was opened.

In life, when things do not develop according to people's predetermined ideas, people will have displeasure, anger and hatred. When these negative emotions occur, people will instinctively have a rebellious psychology of "whatever you want from me, I won't let you do it." This is a typical "confrontation" mentality. When people have this kind of mentality, they will involuntarily do a lot of things that are "out of their control" and eventually get lost in these things and lose sight of themselves.

11. Focus effect: People tend to regard themselves as the center of everything and intuitively overestimate the attention others pay to us. Too many of us care too much about other people's opinions. However, in the world I see, most people are too lazy to care about you.

12. Be grateful for everything you already have.

If your job is not going well, think about what you will do if you lose this job. If you are unhappy today, think about what you will do if there is no tomorrow. When you are grateful, you will have more motivation and self-discipline to make the positive changes you want to create you. The result you always wanted.

C. Cultivation and exercise of willpower

1. Willpower is a unique human trait.

2. Exercise willpower will affect the physical changes and density of the brain.

3. Try posting photos. For example, if you post a picture of a god or goddess on the refrigerator or dessert, can you control yourself from eating it?

4. Meditate, exercise, and exercise. Anything that gets you out of your bed and chair is exercise.

5. Learn to breathe deeply.

6. How to describe two selves. I can feel the battle between the two opinions inside my body, and I say loudly: I don’t want it!

7. Observe your decisions.

8. The adjusted control will become your instinctive reaction.

Conclusion

A. Pay attention to several negative manifestations of emotions in daily life

B. Some ways to improve your mood

C. Cultivation and exercise of willpower

 

During the aging process, every cell and organ in the body undergoes changes. These changes resulted in changes in functionality and appearance.

cellular aging

As cells age, body functions decline. Eventually, the aging cells that make up the body's normal functions die.

The death of aging cells is determined by mechanisms. This program is genetically determined by the cell and initiated by a triggering mechanism. This programmed death is called apoptosis, which is similar to cell "suicide". Cell aging is what triggers apoptosis. Senescent cells must die to make way for new cells. Other triggers of apoptosis include abnormal cell numbers or damaged cells.

Some senescent cells die because they can only divide a limited number of times. This limitation is genetically determined. When a cell can no longer divide, they grow larger and larger, survive for a certain period of time, and eventually die. The mechanism that limits cell division lies in tiny structures called telomeres. During the early stages of cell division, telomeres are used to move genetic material. Each time a cell divides, telomeres shorten. Every time a cell divides, the telomeres shorten. Eventually, the telomeres become so tiny that the cell can no longer divide. When cells stop dividing, it's called senescence.

Sometimes cells die directly after being damaged. Harmful substances can damage cells, such as radiation, sunlight, and chemotherapy drugs. Certain by-products of normal activities may also damage cells. When cells produce energy, they produce these by-products called free radicals.

do you know……

Disease causes more loss of function than aging.

organ aging

The functional status of organs depends on the functional status of cells. The function of aging cells declines. Moreover, for some organs, after cell death there are no new cells to replace them, so the number of cells decreases. The number of cells in the testicles, ovaries, liver and kidneys decreases significantly with aging. When the number of cells decreases to a certain level, organ function will be affected. Therefore, the functions of most organs decline as the body ages. However, not all organs lose large numbers of cells. The brain is a classic example. Healthy older adults do not lose many brain cells. Severe loss is mostly seen in people who have had a stroke or have a disease (neurodegenerative disease) that causes progressive loss of nerve cells (such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease).

The first signs of aging often appear in the musculoskeletal system. Eye and ear function also begin to change as early as middle age. Most internal functions also decline with age. Most functions of the human body reach their peak before the age of 30, and then quickly decline gradually and continuously. Of course, most organ functions are still very "competent" because the total capacity of organ functions is greater than the body's needs from the beginning. This is called functional reserve. For example, if half of the liver is damaged, the remaining liver tissue can maintain normal liver function. Therefore, disease can bring about more loss of function than normal aging.

Even so, functional decline means that older adults are less able to cope with various stressors, including heavy physical labor, drastic changes in environmental temperature, and illness. It also makes the elderly more susceptible to drug side effects. Some organs are more prone to problems than others when dealing with stress. These organs include cardiovascular, urinary organs (such as kidneys), and the brain.

bones and joints

(See also Effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system.)

Bone density will decrease. Moderate loss of bone density is called osteopenia, while severe loss of bone density (including loss of bone density leading to fractures) is called osteoporosis. In people with osteoporosis, bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. In women, falling estrogen levels after menopause can accelerate the loss of bone density. During the normal process of bone formation, degradation, and remodeling, estrogen helps prevent excessive bone degradation.

Bones become porous, in part due to a decrease in calcium (which makes bones strong). A decrease in total calcium means the body is absorbing less calcium from the diet. At the same time, levels of vitamin D (which helps the body improve calcium utilization) also decrease slightly. Some bones are more fragile than others. These changes occur most often in the thigh bone (femur) at the hip, the forearm bones (radius, ulna) at the wrist, and the bones in the spine (vertebrae).

If these changes occur in the upper part of the spine, they can cause the head to tilt forward and put pressure on the pharynx. As a result, swallowing becomes difficult and choking is more likely to occur. The density of the vertebrae decreases, and the cushioning tissue between them (the intervertebral discs) loses moisture and becomes thinner, causing the spine to shorten. Therefore, many elderly people become shorter.

The cartilage between joints becomes thinner due to years of wear and tear, the joint surface is not as smooth as before, and the entire joint is more susceptible to injury. The joint surfaces cannot slide as well as they used to, and the joints are more susceptible to injury. Cartilage damage from lifelong use of joints or repeated injuries often leads to osteoarthritis, an extremely common disease in older age.

Ligaments (which hold joints together) and tendons (which attach muscles to bones) lose their elasticity, and the joints become tight or stiff. These organizations also become vulnerable. As a result, most elderly people experience reduced flexibility. Ligaments and tendons are more likely to tear, and when they do, they are slow to heal. All of these changes are due to reduced activity of the cells that make up these ligaments and tendons.

muscle and fat

Decreases in musculature (muscle mass) and muscle strength begin around age 30 and continue throughout life. Loss of total muscle mass is partly due to lack of exercise, but also due to decreased levels of growth hormone and testosterone (both of which promote muscle development). The muscle loses its ability to contract quickly because fast-twitch (fast-twitch) muscle fibers lose more weight than slow-twitch (slow-twitch) muscle fibers. However, over the course of adult life, the effects of aging can reduce muscle mass and strength by approximately 10% to 15%. In the absence of disease, most of this 10 to 15 percent loss can be prevented through regular exercise. More severe forms of muscle loss (also called sarcopenia, which literally means muscle loss) are caused by disease or extreme inactivity, not just aging.

The vast majority of older adults maintain sufficient muscle mass and strength to perform necessary physiological functions. Many older people are still very fit. They participate in sports competitions and engage in high-intensity physical activity. However, even the healthiest people will notice decline as they age.

do you know……

To make up for the muscle mass lost during a day of strict bed rest, older adults need to exercise for two weeks.

Routine muscle-strengthening exercise (resistance training) can partially overcome or significantly delay the loss of muscle mass and strength. In exercises that target muscle strength, the muscles contract against the resistance of gravity (push-ups or sit-ups), weight, or the elasticity of a rubber band. This exercise will increase muscle mass and muscle strength if done regularly. On the contrary, resting state, especially bed rest during illness, can greatly accelerate the loss of muscle mass. In the resting state, older adults are more likely to lose muscle mass and strength than younger adults. For example, in order to make up for the muscle mass lost during a day of strict bed rest, the elderly need to exercise for two weeks.

By the age of 75, the amount of body fat is twice as high as in youth. Too much fat increases the risk of health problems, such as diabetes. Fat distribution also changes, altering the shape of the body. A scientific diet and regular exercise for the elderly can prevent body fat from increasing too quickly.

Eye

(See also Effects of Age on Eyes.)

The following changes occur during the aging process:

The lens becomes hard and the ability to focus on close objects decreases.

The lens becomes cloudy, making it difficult to see in dim light.

When light changes, the pupil's reaction slows down.

Yellow staining of the lens, affecting color recognition.

The number of optic nerve cells decreases, affecting visual depth perception.

The secretion of tear glands is reduced and the eyes are dry.

Visual changes are often considered the first signs of aging.

Changes to the lens can cause a number of conditions:

Impaired near vision: Starting from the age of 40, many people find that it becomes increasingly difficult to see objects within 60 centimeters. This vision change is called presbyopia and is caused by the hardening of the lens. Normally, the lens focuses by changing its shape. A hardened lens makes it difficult to focus on close objects. Eventually, almost everyone will need professional glasses to help with reading. These glasses may be bifocals (glasses for both nearsightedness and farsightedness) or varifocals (having lenses that can be zoomed).

Higher requirements for light brightness: As age continues to grow, the transmittance of the lens decreases, making it difficult to see objects clearly in low light. Clouding of the lens means that less light passes through it and reaches the retina at the back of the eye. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the retina, which contains cells that sense light, also decreases. So reading requires brighter light. Generally speaking, reading requires three times the brightness of light at a 60-year-old than a 20-year-old.

Changes in color perception: This change is caused in part by jaundice of the lens. The colors are no longer bright and the differences between the different colors are less obvious. The blue turned gray, as if it had been washed away. This situation will not have a major impact on most people. But older people will have a hard time reading black letters on blue paper or reading blue letters.

The pupil's light response also becomes dull. Pupils dilate or constrict to regulate how much light comes in. Sluggish pupillary reaction can make older adults unable to see clearly when they first enter a dark room. Or become temporarily blinded when suddenly entering a bright environment. Older people may also be more sensitive to glare. Older people are more sensitive to bright light, but this sensitivity is mostly caused by lens opacity and cataracts.

do you know……

Reading requires three times the brightness of light at age 60 compared to age 20.

Details, including shadows and tones, become more difficult to discern, possibly due to a reduction in visual nerve cells. This may be caused by a reduction in the number of nerve cells responsible for carrying visual signals from the eyes to the brain. This change affects estimates of visual depth and thus distance judgments.

Older people often see small black dots floating around in their vision. These little black dots are called floaters, which are small fragments of normal fluid in the eye that have solidified. This phenomenon is called "floaters". Floaters do not seriously affect vision unless the amount of debris increases significantly over a short period of time.

Eyes become increasingly dry. This is because the number of cells that produce lubricating fluid decreases. Tear secretion is also reduced.

The appearance of the eyes also shows the following changes:

The white part of the eye (sclera) turns slightly yellow or slightly brown. This is caused by years of exposure to UV rays, wind and dust.

Scattered pigment spots will appear on the sclera, especially in people with dark skin.

A gray-white ring will appear on the surface of the eyeball, called the "senile ring". This ring is caused by calcium and lipid deposition and generally does not affect vision. This ring is caused by calcium and cholesterol salt deposits. Will not affect vision.

The lower eyelid droops and separates from the eyeball due to laxity of the muscles around the eye and extension of the tendons. This condition (called ectropion) affects the lubrication of the eyeball, causing dry eye syndrome.

Loss of fat around the eyes causes enophthalmos.

Ear

(See also Effects of Aging on the Ear, Nose, and Throat.)

Most changes in hearing are not just caused by aging; noise is likely to have just as much of an impact (see also hearing loss). Prolonged exposure to loud noise can damage your ear's hearing. However, there are some hearing changes that occur with age, regardless of noise exposure.

It's best to see your doctor to determine if your hearing loss is caused by cerumen (earwax) impaction, as this is easily treated.

As we age, it becomes harder to hear high-pitched tones. This change is considered age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). For example, the sound of the violin is no longer clear.

do you know……

For older people with hearing difficulties, articulating words clearly is more effective than speaking loudly.

High-pitched pitches—more difficult for older people to listen to.

The most frustrating consequence of presbycusis is that it is more difficult to hear words. Therefore, the elderly may think that others are mumbling to themselves. Even if other people are talking loudly, it is still difficult for the elderly to hear what others are saying. The reason why the above situation occurs is that many consonants (such as k, t, s, p and ch) are high-pitched sounds, and consonants are an important part of how people distinguish words. Vowel syllables are low-pitched and easier to hear. Therefore, if you want the elderly to hear clearly, clear pronunciation is more effective than just raising the volume. To help older adults hear clearly, clear pronunciation is more effective than simply raising the volume. Hearing women and children is more difficult than hearing men because most women and children have high-pitched voices. Slowly, it became difficult to hear even low-pitched voices.

Many older adults develop hearing impairment in noisy environments.

Thick hair will grow in the ears.

Mouth and nose

(See also Effects of Aging on the Mouth and Teeth and Effects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat.)

Typically, people begin to experience a decline in their sense of taste and smell around age 50. People need both senses to enjoy the full flavor in food. The tongue can detect five basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and a taste called "umami" (generally described as "spicy" or "savory"). The sense of smell can distinguish more subtle flavors or blends of flavors (such as cherry).

The number and sensitivity of taste buds at the base of the tongue decrease with age. But compared to sour and bitter, it affects the perception of sweet and salty more. The reduced sense of smell is caused by thinning and drying of the nasal mucosa and degeneration of peripheral nerves in the nasal cavity. Of course, this change is mild and usually only affects fine sense of smell. As a result of the changes described above, many foods appear to have become bitter.

The mouth feels dry more and more often, in part because saliva is reduced, and dry mouth further reduces taste. Dry mouth further reduces taste.

As we age, our gums gradually recede. The gums gradually recede, exposing the deep parts of the teeth to food particles and bacteria. The enamel is obviously worn. These changes combined with a dry mouth make teeth more susceptible to cavities and erosion (caries), making teeth more susceptible to loss.

As we age, the nose tends to become longer and the tip of the nose droops.

Thick hair may grow in the nose and on the upper lip and chin.

skin

(See also Effects of Age on Skin.)

The skin gradually becomes thinner, dries out, loses elasticity and develops fine wrinkles. Years of exposure

 Top 10 health risks for seniors

The top ten health crises for seniors are the biggest crises for seniors. They can affect their quality of life at least, or threaten their lives at worst. What health problems are most likely to occur in the elderly? How to prevent and maintain health care through daily life, diet and exercise? Let’s read this report to analyze it one by one for you.

Health problems are the biggest source of stress for the elderly. Even normal aging phenomena can affect daily life, such as the decline of vision and hearing. What’s more, most elderly people are also suffering from diseases. Aging and diseases are often intertwined into more serious functions. decline.

Various chronic diseases are the most common health problems for the elderly. 75% of the elderly in Taiwan suffer from at least one chronic disease, and more than half of the elderly suffer from two or more chronic diseases at the same time.

This type of chronic disease is characterized by a long incubation period, and the causative factors may be present at a young age. The symptoms gradually worsen after 3 to 5 years, or even more than 10 years, because the patient usually feels nothing during the development of the disease. , it is easier to ignore the existence of the condition.

Crisis 1. Diabetes

Epidemiological surveys at home and abroad have confirmed that the prevalence of diabetes increases with age. The prevalence of diabetes among people over 65 years old is about 20%, and most elderly people do not know that they have diabetes because most elderly people with diabetes have no symptoms when they develop diabetes, and diabetes is usually discovered during a health checkup or due to other diseases.

The impact of diabetes on health is comprehensive, and the most common complications include: retinopathy (the main factor leading to blindness in adults), nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Compared with people of the same age group, elderly diabetic patients have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Elderly diabetic patients with these risk factors are also more likely to develop vascular disease. The mortality rate of elderly people with diabetes is 2.5 times higher than that of the same age group, and 70% of them die from cardiovascular disease. The incidence rate of elderly people with diabetes is also 2 to 3 times higher than that of the same age group.

Crisis 2. High blood pressure

Blood pressure increases with age, and it rises significantly after the age of 40 for men and 35 for women. The increase in diastolic blood pressure with age is less obvious, but it begins to rise after the age of 30 and tends to slow down by the age of 55. According to the standards of the World Health Organization, high blood pressure is defined as systolic blood pressure above 160mmHg and diastolic blood pressure above 95mmHg.

Many elderly people have high blood pressure, and because it is so common, it is often considered not a serious problem. However, among the top ten causes of death, diseases directly or closely related to hypertension account for half, including: cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, hypertensive disease, diabetes and kidney disease.

Crisis 3. Hyperlipidemia

Abnormal blood cholesterol levels, commonly known as "blood turbidity", are mostly related to diet, and in rare cases are caused by genetic genes.

Cholesterol levels that are too high, especially LDL (bad cholesterol), can easily penetrate into the blood vessel walls and form atherosclerosis. According to recent large-scale epidemiological and prospective studies, every 1 mg/dl increase in total blood cholesterol levels increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 2%. As long as cholesterol is lowered, cardiovascular diseases can be reduced by 1/3 and strokes can also be prevented.

Crisis 4. Heart disease

The above three common chronic diseases in the elderly are also risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Heart disease is the third among the top ten causes of death in the country, but if related diseases (such as stroke, hypertension, etc.) are combined, it will definitely surpass malignant tumors and become the number one killer. Statistics show that 75% of the elderly die from heart disease, of which hypertensive heart disease and coronary heart disease are the most common. The transition between autumn and winter is a dangerous time for heart attacks, so special attention should be paid.

For the four diseases related to the above, in addition to taking medicine according to the doctor's instructions when necessary, special attention should be paid to the content of the diet in daily health care, and the intake of starches, fats and salts should be controlled.

Crisis 5. Degenerative arthritis

The joints of the elderly can often predict "weather changes"! When the weather turns from sunny to overcast and the air pressure suddenly drops, the joints will become swollen and inflamed, causing pain. It is most common in joints that bear a lot of weight, such as the knees and hips (hip joints). There will be obvious pain and even joint deformation.

Aging or obesity are the main causes of the disease. People who have been injured in the joints or engaged in heavy work are also prone to degenerative arthritis. Proper exercise can increase the flow of synovial fluid in joints, strengthen the toughness of muscles and tendons, and increase physical fitness. If you are afraid of pain and dare not move, it will cause joint stiffness and atrophy. Doctors said that pain can be controlled with medication, but it is up to the patient to exercise. In addition, weight should be controlled to avoid increasing the burden on the joints.

Patients can usually use kneepads, wristbands, gloves, and wool socks to keep warm. When they feel stiff, they can soak in hot water. If the weather is too humid, they need to use a dehumidifier.

Crisis 6. Osteoporosis

The Hokkien word "old shrinkage" is actually the cause of "osteoporosis". According to Taiwan epidemiological survey statistics in the past ten years, it was found that 19% of Taiwanese urban women over the age of 65 have had more than one spinal compression fracture, and 12% of men. Patients with osteoporosis do not have any warning at all. The first symptom is often a fracture, especially the most serious fractures of the spine and hip.

Patients over 65 years old are prone to hip fractures. The mortality rate within one year is 15%, which is higher than the mortality rate in the first year of bone cancer. The main causes of death are infection and liver and kidney failure caused by long-term bed rest. .

Before the age of 35, you need to supplement more calcium to store bones. After this golden period, you can only avoid bone loss. You still need to take in enough calcium every day to make up for it. People with exercise habits can also slow down bone loss. drain.

Crisis 7. Insomnia

The rate of insomnia among people over 65 years old is five to six times that of young people. In addition to physical illness, most of the causes of insomnia are psychological problems, such as widowhood, absence of children, worries about financial problems, etc. Many people mistakenly think that it is normal for the elderly to sleep less. In fact, the elderly need to sleep at least six hours a day.

If the elderly have sleep problems, they should first consider whether it is affected by diseases, drugs and other factors, and then analyze their daily habits. For example, do they sleep too much doing nothing during the day? Do you like strong tea or coffee?

If necessary, medication can effectively solve sleep problems, but it should be used under the guidance of a physician and avoid taking medication casually.

Crisis 8. Gastrointestinal disorders

Although gastrointestinal problems are not as life-threatening as cardiovascular or respiratory problems, their symptoms often trouble the elderly. The most common problems include indigestion, gas, constipation, etc.

Constipation is very common in the elderly, with some statistics being as high as five times that of younger people. The reason is related to the slowdown of intestinal peristalsis and insufficient fiber intake in the elderly. Drugs commonly used by the elderly, such as antidepressants, antacids, diuretics, etc., may also affect intestinal activity and cause constipation. In addition to replenishing water and eating more fiber, massaging your abdomen with your palms can also help stimulate intestinal peristalsis.

Crisis 9. Vision loss

"Blurry vision" is a symbol of old age. Common eye problems among the elderly include presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma, floaters and age-related macular degeneration, among which glaucoma and macular degeneration have the greatest impact.

Chronic glaucoma will quietly erode the optic nerve. When vision decreases, less than 10% of the optic nerve is left. The most important thing is to measure intraocular pressure and vision regularly every year.

Most people often ignore the harm of ultraviolet rays to vision, especially in Taiwan where the sun is strong. Sunglasses that can block ultraviolet rays should be worn. At the same time, supplement vitamins C, E, and fruits and vegetables rich in lutein such as citrus.

Crisis 10. Accidental injury

Falls are the most common accidental injuries among the elderly in outpatient clinics. In the United States, the probability of falls among elderly people over 65 years old living alone is as high as 30%. Elderly people's falls can be major or minor. In severe cases, they may even be bedridden and lose their ability to live.

Many elderly people have accidents at home, so when it comes to space planning, you should pay attention to whether the floor is flat and not undulating or too smooth. Non-slip materials should be used in the bathroom, handrails should be installed, and furniture with rounded corners should be used as much as possible.

Health care tips for seniors

Because they suffer from more than one disease at the same time, the elderly often become medicine users. According to U.S. statistics, most elderly people use three to five or more medicines at the same time. This does not include general patent medicines and herbal medicines. Medications for the elderly must be chosen carefully. If several different drugs are taken at the same time, attention should be paid to adverse drug interactions.

How to enjoy a high-quality elderly life? In this regard, Dr. Li Shishi said that in the face of various changes in physiological conditions that occur with age, good health management and not being hampered by disease is the first priority for happy elderly people.

 What is sexual health? 8 benefits of a harmonious sex life

Junduojian health care

Junduojian health care

Help you be healthier!

Sexual health and sexual health care are both ancient and fashionable issues. However, what is sexual health and how to achieve sexual health have different understandings and standards in different eras and different societies. So far, there is no scientific understanding. , authoritative explanation. Our medical scientists, psychologists, and sociologists are still not very mature in their understanding of sexual issues.

The World Health Organization believes that with the improvement of human culture and living standards, the impact of human sexual problems on personal health will be far more profound and important than people previously recognized. Ignorance or misconceptions about sex will greatly affect people's quality of life.

Sexual health refers to the sum of physical, emotional, intellectual, belief, behavioral and social health of people with sexual desire. It is expressed as a positive and sound personality, rich and mature interpersonal relationships, frankness and steadfastness. Love and relationships. It includes the following three aspects:

(1) The ability to enjoy sexual behavior and control reproductive behavior in accordance with social morality and personal moral concepts.

(2) Eliminate negative psychological factors such as fear, shame, guilt, and false beliefs that inhibit reactions and damage sexual relationships.

(3) There are no organic disorders, various reproductive system diseases, or physical defects that hinder sexual behavior and reproductive functions.

In fact, sexual health includes three contents, namely reproductive health, sexual psychological health, and sexual physical health.

Sexual health care is the issue of how to achieve sexual health. It is not only related to fertility and birth control, but also to medical care to prevent the invasion of sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS. It is also a guarantee for the continuous improvement of the quality of life. Sexual health care issues run through a person's life and have different emphasis and content at different ages.

Childhood: How parents deal with children's sexual behavior of playing with their genitals, how to answer various sexual questions raised by children, and issues of appropriateness and taboos in parents' intimacy in front of their children and other behavioral issues.

Adolescence: Children are curious about sexual organs, contests between sexual organs, sexual games (such as acting as doctors and nurses, playing house, etc.), and imitating adult behaviors seen by their parents or on film and television screens.

Adolescence: masturbation, various sexual confusions or anxieties caused by physical development, sexual attempts among peers, anthropophobia, loneliness, boredom, physical discomfort, mood swings, and daydreaming.

Unmarried adulthood: sexual needs, difficulties in finding a partner, feelings of inferiority, sense of loss, lovelorn or falling behind, sexual anxiety, love without a destination, willingness to contact the opposite sex but fear of pregnancy, acting as a third party.

Married adulthood: sexual problems that arise with marriage, difficulties in adjusting to newlyweds, hymen problems, emotional alienation, divorce, extramarital affairs, unwarranted jealousy and suspicion, middle-aged sexual disorders, senile apathy, etc.

In short, sexual health is an indispensable and important part of human health, which must not be ignored. If you want to achieve sexual health, you must pay attention to sexual health care, and sex education is the basis of sexual health care, especially the strengthening of parents' supervision of their children. Early sexual education (mainly teaching by words and deeds, setting up correct examples and images), starting from childhood; giving full play to the active role of schools in implementing sexual education (this will play a role that is difficult for parents to play); all of these will give adolescent development It has a good impact on children during their lifetime and can benefit them throughout their lives, thereby ensuring their lifelong happiness and sexual health. Of course, people cannot ignore targeted sex education for people at other different stages of life.

Dr. Ted McIlvenna, who studies sex and health, is currently leading a survey of 37,500 adults to reveal the important role of a regular couple's life in physical and mental health. Their research results show that: long-term good sex life makes people less anxious, less violent and hostile, and also supports the body's immune system, can relieve pain, regulate endocrine, and improve mental state... Partners in a happy marriage will Have the most profit.

1. Make women’s menstrual periods regular and less likely to age.

Dr. Winnifred Cutler, director of the Women's Health Center of the Athena Institute in Pennsylvania, USA, affirmed the health-care role of sex life in terms of sex hormones and women's health. She said: "Regular lovemaking greatly improves women's health and longevity. the benefits of". Studies have confirmed that women who have sex at least once a week have much higher estrogen levels than women who only have sex occasionally. Estrogen can maintain the good structure and smooth function of the blood circulation system, reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol in the blood, and increase the level of "good" cholesterol. It can also keep the skin soft, prevent depression, and maintain bone health. The role of mass density. "Women who are in a stable relationship and have an active sex life are less likely to age," says Dr. Cutler. Her research also shows that being a couple helps stabilize the menstrual cycle.

2. Can relieve pain

Dr. Teresa Brady, executive director of the Arthritis Research Institute of Minnesota, said: "Many people mistakenly avoid sex when they feel pain. If you make love when you are in pain, you will be surprised to find out how helpful a married life is for pain relief." efficient". Southern Illinois Medical College studied 52 female patients who had sex during a migraine attack. Eight of them said their headaches completely disappeared, and 16 said their headaches were relieved. The mechanism by which living as a couple can relieve pain is still unclear. There is a theory that orgasm can activate "endorphins" secreted in the brain. This morphine-like chemical has a strong analgesic effect. "Orgasm is a natural pain reliever," said Dr. Whipple, associate professor at Rutgers University School of Nursing. She studied female patients with chronic arthritis and whiplash injuries caused by excessive flexion and extension of the cervical spine and found that orgasm significantly increased their pain thresholds (i.e. they were less likely to feel pain and became insensitive to pain).

3. Reduce menstrual pain and gynecological diseases for women

Dr. Reinisch, former director of the world-famous "Kinsey Institute of Sexology" pointed out that if postmenopausal women can have regular sex and have orgasms, they are less likely to suffer from urethral and vaginal infections, because sexual intercourse Behavior and orgasm can prevent the dryness of the vaginal mucosa.

Alfred Franger, MD, associate professor of obstetrics, gynecology and psychiatry at the Medical College of Wisconsin, says: "Your sexual partner is a better agent than the diet and hormone therapy your doctor prescribes for PMS before you get your period. For 5-7 days, the blood reaching the pelvic cavity increases, causing you to feel swelling and cramping pain.

When a woman has an orgasm during a couple's life, the muscles contract, prompting the blood to leave the pelvic cavity and return to the systemic circulation. In this way, the tension is relieved. "

4. Can treat insomnia

Alexander Lowen, M.D., executive director of the International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis in New York City, also says: "Living as a couple is a great relaxant."

Living a married life can make people settle down, smooth the body and make people fall asleep, so it can be said to be a good stabilizer and insomnia treatment.

5. Can relieve tension and improve immunity

In the new field of "psychoneuroimmunology," experts have found that living as a couple can reduce tension and improve immune function.

Professor Chapman also observed that when women with breast cancer were sexually satisfied, they entered a biochemical state of euphoria and increased T-cell levels.

T cells are the bearers of immune function.

6. A good exercise

"Being sexually active is like doing a workout," says the aforementioned Franger, MD. A 120-pound woman consumes 42 calories per minute during sex, while tennis doubles consumes only 40 calories per minute. When we have sex, our heartbeat and pulse speed up, and after orgasm, our body relaxes. Chi and return to your usual activity level. Regularly engaging in marital life activities can increase the body's endurance, just like the goals pursued by various exercises in the gym.

7. Can improve our appearance and senses

"The tension-relieving effects of lovemaking can directly benefit the skin and prevent skin rashes," says Hitt, MD, assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Western University School of Medicine.

Dr. Resnick, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles, also pointed out: "Regular sex can stimulate the nervous system and make all our senses more acute. When you are in a state of sexual satisfaction, the sky will look bluer and rose than ever before. It smells and tastes sweeter than ever before, and the food tastes more delicious than ever before.”

8. Make people’s personality more joyful and approachable

Spouses who are sexually satisfied have happier families. Sexual satisfaction also makes them pursue family, career, and social life more and feel more valuable.

Falge, a marriage therapy expert practicing in California, said: "A gentle and considerate sex life can help cultivate communication and emotional exchanges between spouses, increase care and consideration, and make us take more into account the needs of both parties. Love can make People gradually change, and a person who is prone to anger can also slowly change the state of his emotional structure."

The various research results introduced above show that sexual behavior is beneficial to health. There is no prescription in the world that can cure all diseases, and there is nothing that can make people permanently healthy and free from disease and death. Living as a couple is certainly no exception. However, the more important thing is not to try to imagine what sex can't do, but to create and enjoy the fruits of a good sex life. (gxyzfcy)